Generative sliced MMD flows with Riesz kernels

J Hertrich, C Wald, F Altekrüger… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2023 - arxiv.org
arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.11463, 2023arxiv.org
Maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) flows suffer from high computational costs in large
scale computations. In this paper, we show that MMD flows with Riesz kernels $ K (x, y)=-\|
xy\|^ r $, $ r\in (0, 2) $ have exceptional properties which allow their efficient computation.
We prove that the MMD of Riesz kernels, which is also known as energy distance, coincides
with the MMD of their sliced version. As a consequence, the computation of gradients of
MMDs can be performed in the one-dimensional setting. Here, for $ r= 1$, a simple sorting …
Maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) flows suffer from high computational costs in large scale computations. In this paper, we show that MMD flows with Riesz kernels , have exceptional properties which allow their efficient computation. We prove that the MMD of Riesz kernels, which is also known as energy distance, coincides with the MMD of their sliced version. As a consequence, the computation of gradients of MMDs can be performed in the one-dimensional setting. Here, for , a simple sorting algorithm can be applied to reduce the complexity from to for two measures with and support points. As another interesting follow-up result, the MMD of compactly supported measures can be estimated from above and below by the Wasserstein-1 distance. For the implementations we approximate the gradient of the sliced MMD by using only a finite number of slices. We show that the resulting error has complexity , where is the data dimension. These results enable us to train generative models by approximating MMD gradient flows by neural networks even for image applications. We demonstrate the efficiency of our model by image generation on MNIST, FashionMNIST and CIFAR10.
arxiv.org
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