protein in vulnerable neurons. When levels of misfolded protein overwhelm degradative
pathways, the result is cellular toxicity and neurodegeneration. Cellular mechanisms for
degrading misfolded protein include the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the main non-
lysosomal degradative pathway for ubiquitinated proteins, and autophagy, a lysosome-
mediated degradative pathway. The UPS and autophagy have long been viewed as …