Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic event that incurs substantial personal and social costs. The complex pathophysiology associated with SCI often limits the regeneration of nerve tissue at the injured site and leads to permanent nerve damage. With advances in stem cell biology, the field of regenerative medicine offers the hope of solving this challenging problem. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) possess nerve regenerative and neuroprotective effects, and transplanting NSPCs in their optimized form into an injured area holds promising therapeutic potential for SCI. In this review, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of NSPCs derived from different sources while highlighting the utility of NSPCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, an NSPC source with superior advantages, according to data from in vivo animal models and the latest clinical trials.