electronics. For this purpose, electrical properties of orientation-controlled large-grain Ge
crystals on flexible-plastic directly formed by nucleation-controlled gold-induced-
crystallization (GIC) are examined, and compared with those obtained by aluminum-induced-
crystallization (AIC). The Ge crystals show p-type conductions. Here, hole concentrations are
2.2× 10 17 and 5.8× 10 20 cm− 3 for GIC-Ge and AIC-Ge, respectively, which are explained …