encourages encoding as much quantum information as possible in every photon for the
purpose of photonic quantum information processing. Here, by encoding high-dimensional
units of information (qudits) in time and frequency degrees of freedom using on-chip
sources, we report deterministic two-qudit gates in a single photon with fidelities exceeding
0.90 in the computational basis. Constructing a two-qudit modulo SUM gate, we generate …