Acute, short-term effects of early-life stress and associated glucocorticoid upregulation on
physiology and survival are widely documented across vertebrates. However, the
persistence and severity of these effects are largely unknown, especially through the adult
stage and for natural systems. Here, we investigate physiological, morphological, and
survival effects of post-natal glucocorticoid upregulation across the nestling, juvenile, and
adult life stages in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). We manipulate circulating …