Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain sense pathogen effectors to enable TIR-encoded
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrolase (NADase) activity for immune signaling. TIR-
NLR signaling requires the helper NLRs N requirement gene 1 (NRG1), Activated Disease
Resistance 1 (ADR1), and Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1), which forms a
heterodimer with each of its paralogs Phytoalexin Deficient 4 (PAD4) and Senescence …