Neurogenesis insures the production of functional neurons throughout life and occurs in two narrow regions of the adult mammalian brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone in the hippocampus (Alvarez-Buylla&Lim, 2004). The adult SVZ, which is separated from the lateral ventricle by a layer of epithelial cells known as ependymal cell, contains three main populations of neural progenitors: neural stem cells (NSCs), transit-amplifying cells (TAPs) and neuroblasts. NSCs are undifferentiated cells generally characterized by their functional capacities to both selfrenew and to generate a large number of differentiated progeny cells (Song, et al., 2011). Adult NSCs have an astrocyte-like phenotype (type B cells) and represent only 0.2-0.4% of the SVZ cells, they are relatively quiescent and divide very slowly in vivo with a cell cycle length of 14 days (Morshead, et al., 1994). These cells are the precursors of rapidly dividing TAPs, or type C cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into neuroblasts (type A). Neuroblasts are organized as migratory chains along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) and integrate the Olfactory bulb (OB) to become interneurons (Fig. 1). The highly organised cytoarchitecture of the SVZ constitutes a niche for NSCs (Ihrie&Alvarez-Buylla, 2011). Cells localized in this specific microenvironment secrete a variety of factors involved in NSC proliferation, migration and/or differentiation