Behavioral scientists have long sought measures of important psychological constructs that
avoid response biases and other problems associated with direct reports. Recently, a large
number of such indirect, or “implicit,” measures have emerged. We review research that has
utilized these measures across several domains, including attitudes, self-esteem, and
stereotypes, and discuss their predictive validity, their interrelations, and the mechanisms
presumably underlying their operation. Special attention is devoted to various priming …