Aim Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a primary neoplastic tumor of the epithelial lining of the
biliary tree which carries a poor prognosis despite combined therapeutic strategies.
Although the exact etiology remains obscure, it has been suggested that locally produced
Angiotensin II (Ang II) in intrahepatic CCA tissues plays a key role in the proliferation and
activation of CCA. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between the
levels of circulating angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), an important molecule of the …