this study, we investigated the effect of group size on students' perceptions of social
presence in two graduate-level online courses, comparing small group versus whole class
discussions. Our results indicated that when in small group discussions, students perceived
a higher level of social presence in terms of sociability, t (32)= 3.507, p=. 001; social space, t
(29)= 3.074, p=. 005; and group cohesion, t (32)= 3.550, p=. 001. We discuss how placing …