Induction of significant neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by a highly attenuated pangolin coronavirus variant with a 104nt deletion at the 3'-UTR

S Lu, S Luo, C Liu, M Li, X An, M Li, J Hou… - Emerging Microbes & …, 2023 - Taylor & Francis
S Lu, S Luo, C Liu, M Li, X An, M Li, J Hou, H Fan, P Mao, Y Tong, L Song
Emerging Microbes & Infections, 2023Taylor & Francis
ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2r) from Guangdong and
Guangxi pangolins have been implicated in the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and future
pandemics. We previously reported the culture of a SARS-CoV-2r GX_P2V from Guangxi
pangolins. Here we report the GX_P2V isolate rapidly adapted to Vero cells by acquiring two
genomic mutations: an alanine to valine substitution in the nucleoprotein and a 104-
nucleotide deletion in the hypervariable region (HVR) of the 3′-terminus untranslated …
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2r) from Guangdong and Guangxi pangolins have been implicated in the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and future pandemics. We previously reported the culture of a SARS-CoV-2r GX_P2V from Guangxi pangolins. Here we report the GX_P2V isolate rapidly adapted to Vero cells by acquiring two genomic mutations: an alanine to valine substitution in the nucleoprotein and a 104-nucleotide deletion in the hypervariable region (HVR) of the 3′-terminus untranslated region (3′-UTR). We further report the characterization of the GX_P2V variant (renamed GX_P2V(short_3UTR)) in in vitro and in vivo infection models. In cultured Vero, BGM and Calu-3 cells, GX_P2V(short_3UTR) had similar robust replication kinetics, and consistently produced minimum cell damage. GX_P2V(short_3UTR) infected golden hamsters and BALB/c mice but was highly attenuated. Golden hamsters infected intranasally had a short duration of productive infection in pulmonary, not extrapulmonary, tissues. These productive infections induced neutralizing antibodies against pseudoviruses of GX_P2V and SARS-CoV-2. Collectively, our data show that the GX_P2V(short_3UTR) is highly attenuated in in vitro and in vivo infection models. Attenuation of the variant is likely partially due to the 104-nt deletion in the HVR in the 3′-UTR. This study furthers our understanding of pangolin coronaviruses pathogenesis and provides novel insights for the design of live attenuated vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
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