historically disadvantaged areas, to employ highly qualified teachers. Schools in areas with
higher levels of poverty and students of color have historically employed a higher
percentage of less qualified teachers (Clotfelter, Ladd, & Vidgor, 2005, 2006; Hill &
Lubienski, 2007; Lankford, Loeb, & Wyckoff, 2002). This study examines the distribution,
location, and exceptions to highly qualified teachers in St. Louis metropolitan elementary …