In many airports and air markets, congestion problems & weather are becoming more and more severe. To keep Air Traffic Control (ATC) against the overload of Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) activity, attempts to anticipate and prevent the resulting overload and limit the delays. A delay in the arrival of the flight (so-called congestion) occurs when the traffic expects to surpass the arrival and departure capacity of the airport or the airsector capacity. There is a very extensive over general reasoning to be considered in this area. Generally speaking, most of the references found in the literature published a few years ago refer to the simplest versions, those that do not take airsector into account. This happens because the research was first done in the USA only, where traffic issues basicallylimited to the airports congestion. In the paper we present a comprehensive survey of the key optimization models of literature.