demanding deploying accurate and practical algorithms. This research explores the fusion
of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and the Waterwheel Plant Algorithm to augment
global traffic detection capabilities, utilizing a diverse dataset primarily collected from Turkey.
A comprehensive evaluation of prominent CNN architectures, such as VGG19Net, AlexNet,
ResNet-50, GoogLeNet, and a generic CNN, underscores substantial efficacy, with the CNN …