renewable, and inexpensive carbon resource. In the past, the environmental problems
caused by excessive CO 2 emissions, such as global warming and ocean acidification, have
become increasingly severe. Carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) has drawn intensive
interest due to its capacity to sequester CO 2 and utilise it as a carbon source to produce
high-value chemicals and fuels. However, state-of-the-art CCU exhibits poor economics and …