tested prior to assembly of the memory device. During this process, the integrated circuit
memory devices may be classified as either good or bad. If a chip classified as bad
malfunctions due to one or more failed cells, the failed cell (s) may be replaced by a
redundant cell already included in the memory device. The repair process may include
irradiating a laser-beam used to blow one or more fuses. Blowing the fuse (s) allows the …