Is your health malleable or fixed? The influence of implicit theories on health-related attitudes and behaviour
Psychology & Health, 2020•Taylor & Francis
Objective: Implicit theories of health describe the extent to which health is perceived as a
fixed (entity theory) versus malleable (incremental theory) characteristic. In four studies, it
was investigated how these theories correspond to health-related attitudes and behaviours.
Design: In Study 1 (N= 130), the relationship of implicit theories of health and health-related
behaviours was assessed via self-reports. To investigate their causal influence on health-
related attitudes (Study 2; N= 357) and hypothetical food choices (Study 3; N= 351), implicit …
fixed (entity theory) versus malleable (incremental theory) characteristic. In four studies, it
was investigated how these theories correspond to health-related attitudes and behaviours.
Design: In Study 1 (N= 130), the relationship of implicit theories of health and health-related
behaviours was assessed via self-reports. To investigate their causal influence on health-
related attitudes (Study 2; N= 357) and hypothetical food choices (Study 3; N= 351), implicit …
Abstract
Objective: Implicit theories of health describe the extent to which health is perceived as a fixed (entity theory) versus malleable (incremental theory) characteristic. In four studies, it was investigated how these theories correspond to health-related attitudes and behaviours.
Design: In Study 1 (N = 130), the relationship of implicit theories of health and health-related behaviours was assessed via self-reports. To investigate their causal influence on health-related attitudes (Study 2; N = 357) and hypothetical food choices (Study 3; N = 351), implicit theories of health were manipulated using fictitious newspaper articles. In Study 4 (N = 235), the relationship of implicit theories and health behaviours in daily life was investigated using experience sampling.
Results: Study 1 showed that a stronger incremental theory is positively associated with health behaviours like eating healthily or engaging in physical activity. Studies 2 and 3 revealed that a manipulation of implicit theories of health changes health-related attitudes and hypothetical food choices via an internal health locus of control. Study 4 showed that individuals with a stronger incremental theory reported more health-promoting behaviours in daily life.
Conclusion: These findings extend the knowledge about implicit theories as they show that they are highly relevant for health promotion.
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