Myocardial ischemia with no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) is a chronic coronary
syndrome condition that is increasingly being recognized as a substantial contributor to
adverse cardiovascular mortality and outcomes, including myocardial infarction and heart
failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). While INOCA occurs in both women and
men, women are more likely to have the finding of INOCA and are more adversely impacted
by angina, with recurrent hospitalizations and a lower quality of life with this condition …