Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystal from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB), obtained from PTPN IV Adolina, by hydrolysis method using 54% sulfuric acid have been done. The isolation process was carried out in two stages; ie α-cellulose insulation from OPEFB, followed by isolation of cellulose nanocrystal from α-cellulose. OPEFB was de-lignification with 3.5% nitric acid and sodium nitrite, then the residue was treated with 17, 5% sodium hydroxide, and bleached with H 2 O 2 10%. Isolation of Cellulose nanocrystal was done using 54% sulfuric acid. The result of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis shows that the diameter of cellulose nanocrystal is 66, 6 nm. FTIR spectra show the COC stretch of α-cellulose and cellulose nanocrystal at 1141 cm-1, which indicates that there is glycoside bonding in the compound structure. The peak near 3200-3490 cm-1 is representative of the CH and OH groups. TGA curves show that α-cellulose occurs to decompose at around 315ºC, while cellulose nanocrystal occurs to decompose at 163ºC. The amount of char residue at 500 C in cellulose nanocrystal was remarkably higher compared to α-cellulose ie 30.5% and 7.2% respectively.