retinoic acid and retinal in gas-phase and in chloroform, acetonitrile, methanol, and water
solutions via Monte Carlo simulation and quantum mechanics calculations using the GIAO-
B3LYP/6-311++ G (2d, 2p) approach. Electronic solute polarization effects due to protic and
aprotic solvents are included iteratively and play an important role in the quantitative
determination of oxygen shielding constants. Our MP2/6-31G+(d) results show substantial …