The current issue of financial literacy is addressed at the international level and the trend suggests that increasing the level of population knowledge in this direction can be more than useful. Financial literacy is a set of knowledge and skills necessary for people to financially secure themselves and to behave actively in the market of financial products and services. Financially literate citizens are well versed in issues of money and prices, and are able to manage their personal budget responsibly. Finances are important part of everyday life and financial literacy is the best way to prevent over-indebtedness of citizens. Therefore it should be taught at schools. The government of the Czech Republic has approved the National Strategy for Financial Education. The survey focused on mapping the level of knowledge of financial markets of the students was conducted and the results are presented in the paper. In addition to the survey, extensive surveys of information available on the Internet and information in many databases were conducted. Data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using statistical software Statistica SPSS. The key problems encountered by consumers were identified and methodologically described. At the end of the paper new methods are proposed for effective teaching of financial literacy.