Strait, which started in 2020, and the cause is still unknown. This research was conducted to
report the rate of mangrove degradation, measure biomass loss, and predict the causes of
the dieback. A sequential imagery analysis (2019–2022) was conducted to interpret the area
changes using a research area of 200 ha from the total 528.69-ha mangrove, using the plant
senescence reflectance index (PSRI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) …