The mountainous region of the Rudraprayag district is covered with a variety of floral and faunal diversity, provide very rich biodiversity. A very limited area of the district is available for agriculture for supplying the growing demand for food and running the rural economies. Therefore, it became imperative to use this limited resource very cautiously, so that it can provide sustainable production to the farming communities. Nevertheless, due to lack of inadequate infrastructural facilities more specifically accessibility and other socio-economic barriers in the agriculture production lagging. Therefore, in the present study, we used frequency ratio (FR) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) integrating with remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) to identify the potential land for agriculture. The study used ten most significant topographic, geological, pedagogical, climatic, and socioeconomic variables using weighted overlay method in GIS platform. We also used expert knowledge to assign weights, then normalized by AHP eigenvector. For validation, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, indicates both methods are very useful in agricultural potentiality mapping. The results also show that the geological and pedagogical conditions have prominent control and directly affects the agricultural practices in the area. The large areas are currently not suitable (1148.89 km², 57.94%) and permanently unsuitable (390.43 km², 19.69%), but very few areas (56.22 km², 2.84%) are highly suitable in the district, which is mostly confined in the lower valley region of Alaknanda and Mandakini Rivers. The main characteristics of the region is nearly plain (<15°), elevation < 1000 m, and loamy to very fine sand soil texture. The agriculture sites proposed in the study can help farmers, regional planners and government to take precise decisions for the region to determine the potential agricultural lands and their practices. The results of the study have implications for developing sustainable agriculture management plan to ensure sustainable food production system and implement resilient agricultural practices and increase agriculture productivity and income. It can help to maintain ecosystem to strengthen capacity for agriculture adaptation, agricultural development, and self-reliant village economies in the district as well as across the Himalayan region.