dynamics. Detection of ecosystem responsiveness to climatic perturbations such as El Niño-
Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and North Pacific Gyre
Oscillation (NPGO) can provide insight into how ecosystems will respond to climate change.
Although these climate patterns are ocean-based, understanding of their influences on key
ecosystem processes in temperate coastal marine ecosystems is limited. Recent analyses …