responses to vaccination. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated nucleoside-modified
mRNA vaccines have shown great efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the mechanism of action of this vaccine platform is not well-
characterized. Using influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 mRNA and protein subunit vaccines,
we demonstrated that our LNP formulation has intrinsic adjuvant activity that promotes …