Modern research aims to use eco-friendly and naturally-occurring materials as a sustainable pathway to scientific development. In this context, clay has gained significant relevance and applied as a bio-and ecocompatible, and low-cost resource. Clay minerals occur in different morphological and physicochemical properties based on their constituents and layer arrangements. The applications of clay in construction, petroleum refining, water treatment, development of adsorbent have been established with other interesting applications on the horizon. The most representative clay minerals are kaolinite, montmorillonite, sepiolites, and halloysite. This review provides insights into some clay minerals and applications and suggests the need for further research to tap into the inexhaustible potentials of one of the world’s most abundant geological materials.