Distance Vector (AODV) is such a routing protocol which is susceptible to a variety of
security threats against ad-hoc networks. Black hole and Gray hole attacks are such attacks
that drop significant number of packets by performing packet forwarding misbehavior and
breach the security to cause denial of service in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). In this
paper, we discuss our previous work, R-AODV, to detect and isolate multiple Black hole and …