area arrays of sub-100-nm magnetic particles made by lithographic techniques. Particles are
made by electrodeposition, evaporation and liftoff, or sputtering and etching, leading to a
wide range of shapes, compositions, and microstructures. The remanent states, magnetic
hysteresis, and uniformity of the particles and the interparticle interactions will be
discussed.© 2002 American Institute of Physics. DOI: 10.1063/1.1452247