Major airway obstruction due to broncholithiasis produces significant morbidity, and
management is difficult. Many of the patients are elderly and are not good candidates for
surgical removal. Bronchoscopic removal may be limited due to anatomic considerations,
skill of the bronchoscopist, and exposure of the patient to additional procedural risks.
Preprocedural planning with three-dimensional (3D) multidetector CT (MDCT) imaging
enhances the bronchoscopist's knowledge of the relationships of the target lesions with …