Background Teratogenicity of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure is established, but
uncertainty remains regarding the impact of moderate alcohol exposure on cognitive deficits
in infants. Separating in utero effects from environmental confounding is a challenge for
observational studies; consideration of alcohol use by partners as well as mothers may help
clarify this. This study examined associations between prenatal alcohol use by both mothers
and their partners and infant cognitive developmental outcomes at 12-months. Methods …