the air–liquid dispersion in bioreactors under non-isokinetic conditions. The method was
tested with several suction probe designs and withdrawal pressures using coalescing and
non-coalescing model media as well as during yeast fermentations. Simultaneously, gas
holdup was measured manometrically. With a straight end probe and vacuum pressure of
3kPa, local gas holdup measurements presented a relative error< 6% compared to the …