… terms “probiotics” combined with “mechanism of action,” “competitive exclusion,” “volatile
fatty acids,” “mucin,” “immune system,” and “brain-gut axis.” The following mechanisms have …

… The efficacy of a probiotic effect often depends on the mechanism by … probiotics follow a
set of mechanisms, which is discussed in this review. The effective performance of the probiotic …

… Several new mechanisms by which probiotics exert their … probiotic bacterial species and
strains; organisms need to be selected in a more rational manner to treat disease. Mechanisms …

… Probiotics are a heterogeneous group of nonpathologic bacteria that are functionally …
mechanisms of action of these bacteria, with a particular focus on the relation of these mechanisms …

… probiotics to prevent the expression of these gastrointestinal diseases. If we define probiotics
… ], we can begin to include as probiotics certain commensal bacteria found in the human gut…

… that probiotics elicit … mechanisms of action of probiotics. As considered in greater detail
below, it is now apparent that not all probiotic strains exert the same mechanisms of action. The …

… revealed that probiotics differ greatly in their mechanism of action; any singular mechanism
is … Significant differences exist, not only between probiotic species, but also between certain …

… Identification of clinical characteristics of effective probiotic strains, their mechanisms of action
and testing of probiotic-based treatment may provide the true beneficial effect of probiotics …

… our understanding of how the probiotic agents produce a beneficiary effect on the host as
different strains of probiotic bacteria may work by distinctly different mechanisms. It is also …

… probiotic will be explored, as well as mechanisms whereby … term probiotics, when describing
mechanisms of action, but try … ascribed to probiotics, with a shared mechanism of creating a …