The phytochemistry and pharmacology of two common tree species of sandy shores, namely, Calophyllum inophyllum and Thespesia populnea have been selected for review. There was global interest in C. inophyllum after its leaves were reported to possess anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) properties. Since then, extensive research has been conducted on Calophyllum species. Endowed with prenylated xanthones, pyranocoumarins and friedelane triterpenoids, C. inophyllum possesses anti-HIV and anticancer properties. Other pharmacological properties include anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidyslipidemic and wound healing activities. Phytochemical constituents of T. populnea include sesquiterpene quinones, sesquiterpenoids and flavonoids. Many studies have been conducted on the pharmacological properties of T. populnea with major activities of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-hyperglycaemic reported in the bark, leaf, fruit and seed. Anticancer properties are reported in the wood. Representing the flora of sandy shores, both C. inophyllum and T. populnea have promising and exciting medicinal potentials.