… many sign language researchers has revealed deep similarities between signed and spoken
languages in their structure… the effect of modality on sign and spoken language production. …

… two modalities in which human language may be produced. We now know that signed and
spoken languages … of the modality in which language happens to be produced; see Table 1.1. …

… of natural signed languages that separate them from artificially created signing systems. …
place over time as generations have learned signed languages from birth. Adaptations are the …

… researchers have begun to realize that the greater value of signed language as a research
… signed and spoken languages, we can identify the properties that are pertinent to language …

… (the internal structure of the lexical units and the grammatical structure underlying sentences…
between ASL and spoken languages is its surface organization: signed languages display a …

… of signed and spoken language phonology is to be made, representations must take issues
of frequency into account. The areas of differences between signed and spoken languages …

… is specialized for signed as well as spoken languages, and thus may have an innate
predisposition for language, independent of language modality. Biological foundations of language …

… However, if we look beyond the more familiar Indo-European languages and also
include both spoken and signed language modalities, we find that motivated, iconic form-meaning …

… language is. Our findings suggest that instead of some discrete wholelanguage module,
spoken language and signed language … full functioning of the two different language modalities. …

… comparison across modalities. Advocating an inductive approach to cross-modal comparison,
… defining what is comparable across the signed and spoken modalities, and in carrying out …