ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves at the location L= 3.5 where the symmetrical ring current
primarily occurs. Using a recently introduced hybrid finite difference (HFD) method, we solve
the standard Fokker–Planck diffusion equation with incorporation of the cross diffusion terms
that were often ignored in the previous work. We show that EMIC waves can produce
efficient pitch angle scattering of energetic (tens of keV) protons, yielding a rapid decrement …