experiences and treatment outcomes. Data analysis focused on semi-structured, open-
ended interviews with 44 participants, interviewed 3–5 times each over the course of a study
evaluating Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), a
form of chronic orofacial pain. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using qualitative and
ethnographic methods. A “Modes of Hoping”(Webb, 2007) 1 framework informed our …