period (using thermally insulated tensiometers sheltered in a heated chamber) along with
other soil, snow and atmospheric variables. In early winter, the freezing front advanced
under a thin snow cover, inducing upward soil water flow in the underlying unfrozen soil.
The freezing front started to retreat when the snow cover became thick enough to insulate
the soil, resulting in the reversal of the flow direction in the unfrozen zone. These data …