as mangroves (Biswas et al. 2012). Several other terms such as “mangal
vegetation,”“intertidal forest,”“tidal forest,” and “halophytic vegetation” are also used
interchangeably to indicate a mangrove forest. The term “mangrove” refers to both forest and
plant families (FAO 2007; Kathiresan and Bingham 2001; Saenger 2002). Mangrove forest is
one of the few pristine ecosystems in the world (Spalding et al. 2010), and it offers a large …