Multiplex in situ hybridization (M-FISH) is a 24-color karyotyping technique and is the
method of choice for studying complex interchromosomal rearrangements. The process
involves three major steps. Firstly, the multiplex labeling of all chromosomes in the genome
with finite numbers of spectrally distinct fluorophores in a combinatorial fashion, such that
each homologous pair of chromosomes is uniquely labeled. Secondly, the microscopic
visualization and digital acquisition of each fluorophore using specific single band-pass filter …

Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) constitutes a favorable microbiological
method for the analysis of spatial distribution of highly variable phenotypes found in
multispecies oral biofilms. The combined use of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)
produces high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) images of individual bacteria in their
natural environment. Here, we describe the application of M-FISH on early (Streptococcus
spp., Actinomyces naeslundii) and late colonizers (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veillonella …