… , we investigated transfer from music and visual-art training to children’s performance on
specific subtests of verbal and spatial intelligence and executive function. We tested several …

… One goal of the present investigation was to examine whether the association between
music training and IQ is mediated by executive function. There was no evidence to support this …

… environment, executive sub-functions (planning, inhibition and working memory), and
short-term memory. The relationship between an enriched musical environment and verbal IQ has …

… As in Schellenberg (2011), we investigated associations among music training, executive
functions, and IQ in a group of 9- to 12-yearold children with varying amounts of …

… IQ was measured before and after the lessons. Compared with … the music groups exhibited
greater increases in full-scale IQ. The effect was relatively small, but it generalized across IQ …

… skills and intelligence that could potentially lead to a higher probability of engaging in
musical studies for children with higher IQ. Lastly, by showing that genetic and environmental …

… between music lessons and cognitive improvement. This would make sense … executive
functioning is highly modifiable, unlike IQ, particularly in childhood,20 and executive function is …

… The results demonstrated a moderately positive correlation between duration of music
lessons, selective attention, and IQ; after adjusting for sex, parental education, and family income. …

… lessons initiated between the ages of five and six would lead to IQ enhancement. We
examined the IQ of children before and after music lessons and compared their IQ performance to …

… Consistent with this account, a small number of experimental studies have indicated that
musical training results in modest increases in cognitive function as indexed by IQ. Studies with …