The main issue in controlling safety-critical systems such as nuclear power reactors or
railway signalization systems where risk ratio is at the highest level because small errors
might result in hazardous accidents (eg death or injury of several people) is to satisfy safety-
related standards and provide high-safety with high-reliability. In order to improve reliability
and safety of such systems to the required level by decreasing common-cause failures at the
same time, diverse programming (or N-version programming) technique where N-different …