Due to their unique properties, nanomaterials (NMs) are being incorporated in several
applications including consumer products, electronics, pesticides and the pharmaceutical industry…

… focused on the use of aquatic invertebrates as test species. Invertebrates are composed of
a … As such, it is of great interest to investigate the nano-toxicity and potential biomarkers of …

… of distinct biomarkers of nanotoxicity in the laboratory. … would be a major target of nanotoxicity
in wild worms. Probably, … means relevant for other species than invertebrate taxa? While it …

… This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the processes which ultimately
govern the toxicity of NMs to aquatic organisms. Firstly, their potential entry routes into aquatic …

… (polychaetes and echinoderms) and hemocytes (mollusks and crustaceans) might reveal
interesting strategies used by marine invertebrates to mitigate the effects of nanotoxicity. …

… , and uptake of ENPs on marine invertebrates with their concomitant interactions with proteins.
… the impact of ENPs physicochemical properties on nanotoxicity mechanisms in the natural …

… study confirms that snails are suitable invertebrate model system to assess the nanotoxicity.
… in the nanotoxicity and to summarize the MoA and toxicity of NMs in aquatic and land snails. …

… Studies show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated oxidative stress is the primary
mechanism of nano-toxicity, either through physical damage by direct contact or release of …

… and aquatic invertebrates. Invertebrates are more abundant than vertebrates [51]. Overall, …
The quality evaluation of human nanotoxicity problems has been addressed by the European …

… the aquatic ecosystem. Evidence is accumulating that ENPs cause toxicity to microbes,
invertebrates, fishes, lower vertebrates, and others, the key components of the aquatic ecosystem…