We compared nicotine dependence and withdrawal in male alcoholic and control ever-
smokers, controlling for relevant demographic and clinical variables. Alcoholics were more
likely to meet criteria for moderate or severe nicotine dependence and endorse more
nicotine dependence symptoms. Symptoms reported more frequently by alcoholics
included:(a) using nicotine in larger amounts or over a longer time than intended;(b)
continued use despite problems caused or exacerbated by nicotine;(c) marked tolerance; …