(GHZ)-state analyzer. The method is applied to any systems in which two-qubit parity gates,
controlled-phase gates, or controlled-NOT gates can be realized. We also present a
simplified two-photon parity gate with which a nondestructive n-photon GHZ-state analyzer
could be largely simplified. The nondestructive GHZ-state analyzer is expected to find useful
applications for economical quantum-information processing.