metal to remove carbon and impurities. In a BOF, blowing oxygen through molten iron
lowers the carbon content of the metal. The process also uses fluxes of burnt lime or
dolomite, which are chemical bases, to adjust the slag and promote the removal of impurities
and protect the lining of the vessel. The metallurgy and efficiency of top oxygen blowing can
be improved by use of bottom stirring. In bottom stirring, the molten metal is stirred by …