In our quest to win a deeper understanding of how QCD actually works, the study of the
binding of heavy quarkonia and heavy-flavor hadrons to atomic nuclei offers enormous
promise. Modern experimental facilities such as FAIR, Jefferson Lab at 12 GeV and J-PARC
offer exciting new experimental opportunities to study such systems. These experimental
advances are complemented by new theoretical approaches and predictions, which will
both guide these experimental efforts and be informed and improved by them. This review …