Magnetic fluid dynamic behaviors during resistance spot welding have important influences
on weld nugget formation. In this paper, a coupled multiphysics finite element model, which
realizes the coupling of mass conservation, momentum conservation, energy conservation,
and the Maxwell system of equations, is proposed to systematically investigate the fluid flow
and heat transfer behaviors in a spot weld nugget. It is found that the flow field in the spot
weld nugget evolves through five consecutive stages: incubation, fluctuation, rapid growth …