vesicles in muscle and adipose cells, and translocates to the plasma membrane in response
to insulin. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt signaling pathway plays a major role in
GLUT4 translocation; however, a challenge has been to unravel the potentially distinct
contributions of PI3K and Akt (of which there are three isoforms, Akt1–Akt3) to overall insulin
action. Here, we describe new optogenetic tools based on CRY2 and the N-terminus of CIB1 …