mortality in both marine and freshwater fish. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from
Gram-negative bacteria are known to play important roles in bacterial pathogenesis and
host immune responses, but no such roles for E. tarda OMVs have yet been described. In the
present study, we investigated the proteomic composition of OMVs and the
immunostimulatory effect of OMVs in a natural host, as well as the efficacy of OMVs when …